Taps work by controlling the flow of water from a water supply to an outlet, such as a sink or bathtub, using a valve mechanism. Turning the handle manipulates this valve, regulating the water flow.
Here's a breakdown of the process:
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Water Supply: Taps connect to a pressurized water supply, usually consisting of separate hot and cold water lines.
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Valve Mechanism: The core of a tap's functionality lies in its valve. There are various types of valves, including:
- Compression Valves: These older designs use a rubber washer that is pressed against a valve seat to stop water flow. Turning the handle tightens the washer against the seat.
- Ball Valves: Found in many single-handle taps, a ball with holes controls the mixing and flow of water. Rotating the handle aligns the holes to allow water to pass.
- Ceramic Disc Valves: These modern valves use two ceramic discs that slide against each other. When the holes in the discs align, water flows; when they don't, the flow is blocked. These are known for their durability and leak resistance.
- Cartridge Valves: These valves utilize a cartridge that moves up and down, controlling the flow of water. These are popular in single-handle faucets, allowing for both temperature and flow control.
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Handle Operation: When you turn the tap handle:
- Opening the Valve: The handle's movement lifts or rotates the valve component (washer, ball, ceramic disc, or cartridge). This creates an opening that allows water from the supply lines to flow through the tap.
- Controlling the Flow: The further you turn the handle, the larger the opening becomes, and the more water can flow.
- Closing the Valve: Turning the handle in the opposite direction moves the valve component back into its closed position, blocking the water flow completely.
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Mixing Water (for Mixer Taps): Many taps, especially those with a single handle, allow you to mix hot and cold water to achieve the desired temperature. The handle controls both the flow rate and the proportion of hot and cold water that is mixed.
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Outlet: The mixed (or single-temperature) water then flows out of the tap's spout into the sink or bathtub.
In essence, a tap is a simple yet effective mechanism that leverages a valve to precisely control the flow of water based on user input. The type of valve used impacts the tap's performance, durability, and ease of use.
