Joining two plumbing pipes together typically involves using a fitting and a method specific to the pipe material. The most common method involves soldering for copper pipes, but other methods like using push-fit connectors, compression fittings, or solvent welding (for PVC/CPVC) are also prevalent.
Here's a breakdown of the general process and common methods:
General Steps (for soldering copper pipes):
- Prepare the Pipes and Fitting:
- Clean the exterior of the pipe ends you want to join with emery cloth or a wire brush until they are shiny.
- Clean the interior of the fitting (elbow, coupling, etc.) with a fitting brush. This ensures good contact for soldering.
- Apply Flux:
- Apply a thin, even coat of flux (a soldering paste) to the outside of the pipe ends only. Flux helps the solder flow smoothly and create a strong bond.
- Assemble the Joint:
- Insert the pipe ends into the fitting. Twist slightly to distribute the flux.
- Apply Heat:
- Using a propane torch, heat the fitting evenly. Focus the flame on the fitting itself, not the pipe.
- Apply Solder:
- Touch the solder to the joint where the pipe meets the fitting. If the fitting is hot enough, the solder will melt and be drawn into the joint by capillary action. Continue applying solder around the entire joint until it forms a complete ring.
- Let it Cool:
- Remove the heat and allow the joint to cool naturally. Do not touch or move the joint while it's cooling.
- Clean Up:
- After the joint has cooled, wipe away any excess flux with a damp cloth.
Alternative Methods (depending on pipe material):
- PVC/CPVC: Uses solvent welding (primer and cement) to chemically fuse the pipes and fittings together.
- PEX: Uses crimp rings, expansion fittings, or push-fit connectors (like SharkBite) to create watertight seals.
- Galvanized Steel: Typically joined with threaded fittings and pipe dope (pipe thread sealant).
- Push-Fit Connectors (e.g., SharkBite): These offer a tool-less method. Simply clean the pipe, measure and mark the insertion depth, and push the pipe into the fitting until it clicks. These work on copper, CPVC, and PEX.
- Compression Fittings: These use a compression nut and ferrule to create a seal. Tightening the nut compresses the ferrule onto the pipe, creating a mechanical connection.
Important Considerations:
- Pipe Material: The method you use to join pipes depends entirely on the type of pipe you are working with (copper, PVC, PEX, etc.).
- Codes and Regulations: Always check local plumbing codes before starting any plumbing work to ensure you are using approved materials and methods.
- Safety: When soldering, wear appropriate safety glasses and gloves. Work in a well-ventilated area and keep a fire extinguisher nearby.
