A copper press fitting creates a permanent, leak-proof joint by mechanically crimping the fitting onto the copper pipe using a specialized press tool. Here's a breakdown of the process:
The Components
- Copper Pipe: Standard copper piping that meets industry specifications.
- Press Fitting: A fitting made of copper or brass, designed with an internal sealing element (usually an O-ring) and a designated "press area."
- Press Tool: An electric or hydraulic tool with interchangeable jaws specifically designed for different sizes and types of press fittings.
The Process
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Preparation:
- Cut the copper pipe squarely using a pipe cutter.
- Deburr the inside and outside of the pipe to remove any sharp edges or burrs that could damage the O-ring.
- Clean the outside of the pipe to ensure a smooth, clean surface for the fitting.
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Insertion:
- Insert the prepared copper pipe into the press fitting until it reaches the depth stop inside the fitting. This ensures proper positioning and sealing.
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Pressing:
- Select the correct press jaw for the size and type of fitting being used.
- Position the press tool jaws around the designated "press area" on the fitting. The jaws should completely encircle this area.
- Activate the press tool. The tool will hydraulically or electrically compress the fitting around the pipe.
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Sealing and Joint Formation:
- The pressing action deforms the fitting, creating a tight mechanical grip on the copper pipe.
- Simultaneously, the compression forces the O-ring (or other sealing element) to compress and create a watertight and airtight seal.
- The result is a permanent connection that does not require soldering or brazing.
Why Press Fittings are Used
- Speed and Efficiency: Press fittings are much faster to install than traditional soldering methods.
- Safety: No open flames are required, making them safer in environments where flammable materials are present.
- Cleanliness: No flux or solder is needed, resulting in a cleaner installation.
- Consistency: Press tools provide consistent and reliable connections.
Potential Issues
- Incorrect Jaw Selection: Using the wrong jaw size or type can lead to a faulty connection.
- Improper Pipe Preparation: Not deburring or cleaning the pipe can damage the O-ring and cause leaks.
- Insufficient Pressing: Stopping the pressing cycle prematurely can result in an incomplete seal.
In summary, a copper press fitting provides a quick, safe, and reliable method of joining copper pipes by mechanically crimping the fitting onto the pipe using a specialized press tool, creating a secure and watertight seal.
