Adjusting the heat on your hot water heater is typically done by adjusting the thermostat(s) located behind an access panel on the unit. Here's a step-by-step guide, but always prioritize safety and consult your water heater's manual for specific instructions. Remember that improper adjustments can lead to scalding or wasted energy.
Safety First!
Before you begin, always turn off the power to your water heater.
- For electric water heaters: Locate the circuit breaker that controls the water heater and switch it to the "OFF" position.
- For gas water heaters: Turn the gas control valve to the "PILOT" position and then turn off the gas supply valve.
Steps to Adjust the Thermostat
Here's the general process. Keep in mind your specific model might have slight variations.
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Locate the Access Panel(s): Most electric water heaters have two access panels, one near the top and one near the bottom. Gas water heaters usually have one. These are typically small, rectangular covers screwed onto the side of the tank.
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Remove the Access Panel(s): Use a screwdriver to carefully remove the screw(s) holding the access panel(s) in place.
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Insulation and Protective Cover: Behind the access panel, you'll likely find insulation. Gently pull this back to reveal the thermostat(s) and wiring. There may also be a plastic safety cover over the thermostat; remove this carefully.
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Adjust the Thermostat Temperature:
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Locate the Temperature Dial/Screw: The thermostat will have a dial or a screw that allows you to adjust the temperature.
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Determine the Current Setting: Note the current temperature setting before making any changes. This way, you can return to the original setting if needed. A typical recommended setting is 120°F (49°C) to prevent scalding and save energy.
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Make Small Adjustments: Adjust the dial or screw to your desired temperature. Make small adjustments at a time (5-10 degrees) and wait a few hours to see the effect. If you have two thermostats (electric heaters), adjust both to the same temperature.
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Reassemble and Test:
- Replace the Protective Cover: If there was a plastic safety cover, reinstall it.
- Replace the Insulation: Carefully push the insulation back into place.
- Reinstall the Access Panel(s): Screw the access panel(s) back on.
- Restore Power:
- Electric: Turn the circuit breaker back to the "ON" position.
- Gas: Turn the gas supply valve back on and relight the pilot light according to the manufacturer's instructions (usually found on a sticker on the water heater itself).
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Wait and Test: Allow several hours for the water to heat up to the new setting. Carefully test the water temperature at a faucet. If it's not hot enough, repeat the adjustment process.
Important Considerations:
- Scalding Risk: Hot water can cause severe burns. Be extremely cautious when adjusting the temperature, and always test the water temperature carefully.
- Energy Savings: Lowering the water heater temperature can save energy and reduce your utility bills.
- Legionella Risk: Setting the temperature too low (below 120°F) can increase the risk of Legionella bacteria growth.
- Professional Help: If you are uncomfortable working with electricity or gas, or if you are unsure about any step in the process, consult a qualified plumber or electrician.
Example:
Let's say you want to lower your water heater temperature from 140°F to 120°F for energy savings.
- Follow the safety steps to turn off the power/gas.
- Locate and remove the access panel(s).
- Adjust the thermostat(s) to 120°F.
- Reassemble everything.
- Restore power/relight the pilot.
- Wait a few hours and test the water temperature.
