Social primary goods, in the context of political philosophy, are those things that every rational person is presumed to want, regardless of their specific life plans. These goods are essential for individuals to effectively pursue their goals and develop their capabilities within a just society.
Here's a breakdown of the key elements of social primary goods:
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Rights and Liberties: These include fundamental civil rights (e.g., freedom of speech, right to assembly) and political rights (e.g., the right to vote, the right to hold public office). These rights and liberties provide the framework within which individuals can exercise their autonomy and participate in the political process.
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Income and Wealth: These represent the economic resources available to individuals. A fair distribution of income and wealth allows people to meet their basic needs, pursue education and training, and participate fully in economic and social life. Note that the distribution does not necessarily need to be equal, but rather just.
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The Social Bases of Self-Respect: This refers to the institutional conditions and social norms that enable individuals to have a sense of their own worth and to confidently pursue their life plans. These can include things like equal opportunities, non-discrimination, and public recognition of individuals' contributions to society. Having the social bases for self-respect ensures that individuals feel valued and respected by others, which is essential for their psychological well-being and their ability to participate fully in social life.
In short, social primary goods are fundamental rights, opportunities, and resources that a just society should strive to provide to all its members, regardless of their individual circumstances or preferences. These goods are considered necessary for individuals to live flourishing lives and to develop their full potential.
