You can expect to experience vaginal bleeding, called lochia, for approximately 2–6 weeks after a C-section. While bleeding can sometimes last longer, it typically should stop by 12 weeks postpartum.
Understanding Lochia After a C-Section
Lochia is the vaginal discharge that occurs after giving birth, regardless of whether you delivered vaginally or via C-section. It consists of blood, uterine lining, mucus, and bacteria as your uterus sheds the lining that supported the pregnancy. Even though you had a surgical birth, your body still needs to expel this material.
The Bleeding Timeline: What to Expect
- Days 1-3 (Lochia Rubra): This is the heaviest stage, characterized by bright red blood, similar to a heavy menstrual period. You may also pass small blood clots.
- Days 4-10 (Lochia Serosa): The flow becomes lighter and thinner, with a pinkish or brownish color. The amount of blood decreases.
- Days 11+ (Lochia Alba): The discharge turns whitish or yellowish-white. It mainly consists of white blood cells, mucus, and epithelial cells. The flow is very light and may last for several weeks.
Factors Influencing Bleeding Duration
Several factors can influence how long you bleed after a C-section:
- Breastfeeding: Breastfeeding releases oxytocin, which helps the uterus contract and shrink back to its pre-pregnancy size. This can initially increase bleeding but ultimately shorten the overall duration.
- Activity Level: Overexertion can increase bleeding. Rest and avoid strenuous activities in the early postpartum weeks.
- Uterine Atony: In rare cases, the uterus may not contract effectively after delivery (uterine atony), leading to prolonged and heavier bleeding.
- Retained Placental Fragments: Small pieces of the placenta can sometimes remain in the uterus after delivery, causing persistent bleeding.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Contact your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following:
- Heavy bleeding: Soaking through more than one pad per hour.
- Large blood clots: Passing clots larger than a golf ball.
- Fever: A temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher.
- Foul-smelling discharge: This could indicate an infection.
- Severe abdominal pain: Pain that is not relieved by pain medication.
- Dizziness or lightheadedness: This could be a sign of excessive blood loss.
- Sudden increase in bleeding: After the bleeding has already started to decrease.
