IV potassium administration requires careful dilution and monitoring to avoid serious complications. IV potassium must NEVER be given by direct IV injection. It must always be diluted in infusion fluid.
Key Considerations for IV Potassium Administration
The primary concern with IV potassium administration is the risk of hyperkalemia, which can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and even death. Therefore, adherence to proper dilution and infusion guidelines is crucial. MSF provides ampoules of 10 ml of 10% potassium chloride.
Dilution is Essential
- Potassium must never be given as a bolus or IV push.
- Always dilute potassium chloride in an appropriate IV solution, such as Ringer's Lactate (RL) or 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline).
- The concentration of potassium in the final infusion fluid should be carefully calculated and monitored.
Route of Administration
- Intravenous (IV) infusion is the only acceptable route.
- Never administer potassium subcutaneously or intramuscularly.
Practical Example
While specific dosages and infusion rates depend on the patient's condition and potassium levels (which are not detailed in the provided reference, consult appropriate medical references for specific dosing information), the principle remains the same:
- Prepare the diluted potassium solution in a compatible IV fluid (RL or 0.9% sodium chloride).
- Infuse the solution slowly, at a rate determined by the patient's needs and tolerance, per your institution's policies and procedures.
- Closely monitor the patient's cardiac rhythm and potassium levels during the infusion.
| Aspect | Consideration |
|---|---|
| Route | IV Infusion ONLY |
| Dilution | Must be diluted in appropriate IV fluid |
| Concentration | Carefully calculated and monitored |
| Rate | Slow infusion, individualized to patient needs |
| Monitoring | Continuous cardiac and potassium level checks |
