During pregnancy, bilirubin levels can become elevated due to the body's increased stress. This is significant because unconjugated bilirubin can cross the placenta, potentially leading to serious complications in the newborn. Specifically, high bilirubin levels in the neonate can cause kernicterus, a type of brain damage, and in some cases, even death.
Here's a breakdown:
- Elevated Bilirubin: Pregnancy-related stress can cause bilirubin levels to rise in the mother.
- Placental Transfer: Unconjugated bilirubin can cross the placenta from the mother to the fetus. The placenta is not an effective barrier against unconjugated bilirubin.
- Neonatal Risk: High bilirubin levels in the newborn (neonate) can lead to:
- Kernicterus: A severe and potentially fatal form of brain damage caused by bilirubin build-up.
- Death: In extreme cases.
Therefore, monitoring bilirubin levels during pregnancy is crucial to prevent complications in the newborn.
