A high white blood cell (WBC) count during pregnancy is common and is often a normal physiological response to the changes happening in the body to support the developing fetus. However, it can also indicate an infection or inflammation.
Here's a breakdown:
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Normal Physiological Increase: Pregnancy causes an increase in WBCs to support the immune system and protect both the mother and the baby. The normal range for WBCs in non-pregnant adults is typically 4,500 to 11,000 per microliter (µL) of blood. During pregnancy, this range often shifts to 5,700–15,000 per 1 µL of blood, and sometimes even higher, around 13,800–19,600. This elevation is a natural adaptation and doesn't always signify a problem.
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Indicator of Infection or Inflammation: While a high WBC count is often normal in pregnancy, it's crucial to rule out infection or inflammation. Doctors regularly monitor WBC levels during prenatal care to detect potential issues. If the WBC count is exceptionally high, or if the pregnant person is experiencing symptoms like fever, pain, or other signs of illness, further investigation is necessary.
Why Does Pregnancy Cause WBCs to Increase?
- Immune System Activation: The pregnant body's immune system becomes more active to protect against potential infections that could harm the developing fetus.
- Increased Blood Volume: Pregnancy increases blood volume, which can also affect WBC counts.
- Stress Response: Pregnancy itself is a physiological stressor, which can lead to an increase in WBCs.
What Happens If a High WBC Count is Due to Infection?
If the high WBC count indicates an infection, the doctor will identify the source of the infection and prescribe appropriate treatment, such as antibiotics. Untreated infections during pregnancy can pose risks to both the mother and the baby.
In summary, a high WBC count is commonly observed during pregnancy, but requires careful monitoring by a healthcare professional to differentiate between normal physiological changes and potential underlying infections or inflammatory conditions.
