CVM in pregnancy refers to congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, which occurs when a pregnant person passes the CMV virus to their developing baby.
Here's a more detailed explanation:
Understanding Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
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What is CMV? Cytomegalovirus is a common virus belonging to the herpes virus family. Many people are infected with CMV at some point in their lives, often without even knowing it because it usually causes mild or no symptoms.
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How is CMV spread? CMV spreads through bodily fluids, such as saliva, urine, tears, blood, and breast milk. Common ways it can spread include:
- Contact with saliva or urine, especially from young children (e.g., changing diapers, sharing utensils).
- Sexual contact.
- Breastfeeding.
- Organ transplantation or blood transfusions.
- From a pregnant person to their developing baby.
Congenital CMV Infection
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What is Congenital CMV? Congenital CMV infection happens when a pregnant person with CMV transmits the virus to their baby during pregnancy. This can occur if the pregnant person has a new CMV infection or a reactivation of a previous infection.
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Why is it a concern? While many babies with congenital CMV have no symptoms at birth, some can experience serious health problems, including:
- Hearing loss (the most common long-term problem).
- Developmental delays.
- Vision loss.
- Seizures.
- Microcephaly (small head size).
- Enlarged liver and spleen.
- Jaundice.
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Diagnosis: Congenital CMV can be diagnosed by testing the baby's saliva, urine, or blood within a few weeks of birth.
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Prevention: While there is no vaccine for CMV, pregnant people can take steps to reduce their risk of infection:
- Practice good hygiene: Wash hands frequently, especially after changing diapers or being around young children.
- Avoid sharing food, drinks, or utensils with young children.
- Clean toys and surfaces that may come into contact with saliva or urine.
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Treatment: Antiviral medications, such as valganciclovir, can be used to treat congenital CMV infection, particularly in babies with severe symptoms. These medications can potentially improve outcomes, such as hearing.
In summary, CVM in pregnancy refers to congenital CMV infection, which can lead to serious health issues in newborns. Prevention through good hygiene practices is crucial.
