A miscarriage most often begins due to chromosomal abnormalities in the developing baby.
The majority of miscarriages are not caused by something the pregnant person did. It's generally thought that the primary cause is genetic issues within the developing embryo or fetus. Let's break this down:
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Chromosomal Abnormalities: Chromosomes are the building blocks of our genes, carrying the information that guides a baby's development. If a baby receives too many or too few chromosomes, or if there are structural problems with the chromosomes, it can prevent normal development. These abnormalities often arise randomly during fertilization or early cell division.
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Other Potential Causes (Less Common): While chromosomal issues are the most frequent cause, other factors can contribute to miscarriage, although they are less prevalent:
- Hormonal Imbalances: Insufficient levels of hormones like progesterone can make it difficult for the pregnancy to be maintained.
- Uterine Problems: Structural abnormalities in the uterus, such as fibroids or a septum (a wall dividing the uterus), can interfere with implantation or development.
- Cervical Insufficiency: A weak cervix that opens too early during pregnancy can lead to miscarriage.
- Infections: Certain infections, such as listeria or toxoplasmosis, can increase the risk.
- Underlying Health Conditions: Conditions like uncontrolled diabetes, thyroid disorders, or autoimmune diseases can sometimes contribute.
- Exposure to Harmful Substances: Exposure to certain environmental toxins, heavy metals, or high doses of radiation could increase the risk.
- Lifestyle Factors: While often less direct causes, severe malnutrition and drug or alcohol abuse may also increase risk.
Important Considerations:
- Not Your Fault: It's crucial to understand that most miscarriages are not the result of something the pregnant person did or didn't do. Things like stress, exercise, or normal daily activities do not cause miscarriage.
- Early Miscarriages: Most miscarriages occur in the first trimester (the first 13 weeks of pregnancy).
- Recurrent Miscarriage: If you experience multiple miscarriages, your doctor may recommend testing to identify any underlying issues that may be contributing.
In summary, a miscarriage often starts due to chromosomal abnormalities that prevent the baby from developing properly, although other less common factors can also play a role.
