Fountain solution is typically made by mixing a fountain solution concentrate with isopropyl alcohol and water. The precise proportions, especially the amount of isopropyl alcohol, can vary, but it's frequently around 35% by volume of the total solution.
Understanding the Components
To understand how to make a fountain solution, it's important to know the role of each component:
- Fountain Solution Concentrate: This is the base of the solution and contains various chemicals to optimize printing performance. These chemicals often include:
- Buffering Agents: To maintain a stable pH, which is critical for consistent ink behavior.
- Wetting Agents (Surfactants): To reduce the surface tension of the water, allowing it to spread evenly on the printing plate.
- Desensitizers: To prevent ink from adhering to non-image areas of the printing plate.
- Corrosion Inhibitors: To protect the printing press from rust and corrosion.
- Biocides: To prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in the solution reservoir.
- Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA): Reduces the surface tension of the fountain solution and aids in evaporation, which helps to cool the printing plate. It also contributes to ink and water balance on the press. However, it's important to note that modern fountain solutions are trending towards IPA-free or reduced-IPA formulations due to environmental concerns.
- Water: The main component, acting as a carrier for the other ingredients. The quality of the water is crucial. Distilled or deionized water is preferred to avoid introducing minerals or impurities that can affect the solution's performance.
The Mixing Process
Here's a step-by-step guide on how to make a fountain solution, keeping in mind that you must consult the specific instructions provided with your fountain solution concentrate:
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Read the Instructions: Always refer to the manufacturer's instructions for the specific fountain solution concentrate you are using. Different concentrates require different mixing ratios.
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Water Quality: Use distilled or deionized water for the best results. Tap water contains minerals that can interfere with the fountain solution's effectiveness.
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Mixing Ratio: Determine the correct ratio of concentrate to water and, if needed, isopropyl alcohol. A common example might be:
Component Example Ratio Fountain Solution Concentrate 3% Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) 10% Water 87% This means for every 100 liters of fountain solution, you would use 3 liters of concentrate, 10 liters of IPA, and 87 liters of water. Again, always check the specific instructions for your concentrate. Many modern concentrates require little to no IPA.
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Mixing: Add the concentrate to the water first, mixing thoroughly. Then, if required by the manufacturer, add the isopropyl alcohol and mix again.
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pH Testing: Ideally, you should test the pH of the solution to ensure it's within the recommended range (typically between 4.5 and 5.5). Use a pH meter or pH strips. Adjustments can be made with pH adjusters (available from printing supply companies), but this should only be done with careful monitoring and following manufacturer recommendations.
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Filtration (Optional): If your press has a filtration system, use it to remove any particulate matter from the solution.
Important Considerations
- Safety: Isopropyl alcohol is flammable and can be harmful if inhaled or ingested. Work in a well-ventilated area and wear appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves, eye protection).
- Storage: Store the fountain solution in a clean, sealed container away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures.
- Maintenance: Regularly check the fountain solution's pH and conductivity and replace the solution according to the press manufacturer's recommendations.
- IPA Alternatives: Consider IPA-free or reduced-IPA fountain solutions for environmental and health reasons.
Making fountain solution involves carefully following the manufacturer's instructions for your specific concentrate, using high-quality water, and maintaining the solution properly to ensure optimal printing results.
