The hormone primarily responsible for prostate enlargement (benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH) is dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
Here's a more detailed explanation:
Understanding Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and the Prostate
As men age, the prostate gland often increases in size. This is largely due to the action of DHT on prostate cells. DHT is a potent androgen (male sex hormone) derived from testosterone.
- Testosterone Conversion: The enzyme 5-alpha reductase converts testosterone into DHT within the prostate gland.
- DHT's Role: DHT is significantly more potent than testosterone and binds strongly to androgen receptors in prostate cells.
- Cell Proliferation: This binding stimulates cell growth and proliferation within the prostate, leading to its enlargement.
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): This continued growth results in BPH, a condition characterized by an enlarged prostate that can cause urinary problems.
Why DHT Causes Enlargement:
The exact mechanisms by which DHT contributes to BPH are complex and not fully understood, but the following factors are believed to play a role:
- Increased Cell Survival: DHT may prolong the lifespan of prostate cells, reducing cell death and leading to accumulation.
- Stimulation of Growth Factors: DHT can stimulate the production of growth factors that promote prostate cell proliferation.
- Changes in Gene Expression: DHT can alter the expression of genes involved in cell growth and differentiation in the prostate.
Treatment Strategies Targeting DHT:
Several medications used to treat BPH target DHT:
- 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors: These drugs (e.g., finasteride, dutasteride) block the conversion of testosterone to DHT, reducing DHT levels in the prostate and potentially shrinking the gland.
Summary:
While other hormones may play a minor role, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is the primary hormone that drives prostate enlargement (BPH). Understanding the role of DHT has led to effective treatment strategies for managing this common condition in aging men.
