Prosthetics attach primarily through a socket that fits over the residual limb, and a suspension system keeps the prosthetic securely in place.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
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The Socket: This is a custom-molded component designed to fit snugly and precisely over the residual limb (the part of the limb that remains after amputation). The socket serves as the crucial interface between the body and the prosthetic. A well-fitted socket is vital for comfort, control, and minimizing skin irritation.
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The Suspension System: This is how the prosthetic limb stays secured to the body. Several suspension methods are available, each with its own advantages and disadvantages:
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Sleeve Suction: A sleeve, usually made of silicone or a similar material, is rolled up onto the residual limb and creates a suction seal within the socket. This provides a secure and comfortable fit for many users.
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Vacuum Suspension: This system uses a pump (either mechanical or electronic) to actively draw air out of the socket, creating a stronger vacuum and a more secure fit. This method can provide enhanced proprioception (awareness of limb position) and reduce pistoning (movement of the limb within the socket).
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Distal Locking (Pin or Lanyard): A pin or lanyard attached to the end of a liner inserts into a locking mechanism at the bottom of the socket. This is a simple and reliable suspension method, often used for lower activity levels.
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Other Methods: Less common methods exist, including anatomical suspension (using bony prominences to hold the socket in place) and waist belts.
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The best method of attachment depends on individual factors like the level of amputation, activity level, limb shape, and personal preference. A prosthetist will evaluate these factors to determine the most appropriate solution.
