There isn't one single scientific name for keratin. It's a family of fibrous proteins known as scleroproteins. While often simply referred to as "keratin," the specific type found in vertebrates is called alpha-keratin (α-keratin).
Keratins are also known as cytokeratins, which are polymers of type I and type II intermediate filaments found only in chordates (vertebrates, amphioxi, urochordates). These proteins provide structural support and fulfill various functions in epithelial cells.
For example, keratin is a key component of:
- Hair: Keratin forms the primary structure of hair, giving it its strength and flexibility.
- Nails: Keratin provides the hard, protective layer of nails.
- Skin: Keratin is present in the outermost layer of skin (epidermis), providing a protective barrier against the environment.
- Hooves, horns, and feathers: These structures are also composed of keratin.
In summary, while keratin is a general term, the scientific names for its specific types include "alpha-keratin" and "cytokeratins."
