What Causes Protein Loss?

Protein loss can stem from various sources, impacting different bodily systems. Here's a breakdown of common causes:

Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract Issues

Protein-Losing Enteropathy (PLE): This condition involves the leakage of protein-rich materials, such as albumin, into the intestinal cavity. It's caused by damage to the GI tract lining due to diseases, infections, or disruptions in lymphatic and venous drainage. Sources like Penn Medicine and MedScape highlight this as a significant cause of protein loss. Examples of underlying causes include:
- Infections
- GI mucosal diseases
- Disruptions of venous and lymphatic outflow

Proteinuria: The presence of protein in the urine, often albumin, indicates kidney damage. The kidneys, normally filtering waste while retaining essential proteins, become impaired, letting proteins escape into urine. The National Kidney Foundation explains how this happens.

Kwashiorkor: This severe form of malnutrition is directly characterized by a critical lack of protein in the diet. This deficiency leads to fluid retention and other health complications. (Cleveland Clinic provides details on this condition.)

Lymphatic System Problems: Abnormalities in the lymphatic system within the intestines can impede proper protein transport, leading to leakage into the GI tract. This is another aspect of PLE, emphasized by sources like Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Nemours KidsHealth.
Congenital Heart Disease: Certain congenital heart diseases or their surgical treatments can also contribute to protein loss. (Noted in Nemours KidsHealth).
Tuberculosis: In some cases, tuberculosis can contribute to protein loss. (Mentioned in MedScape).
Protein S Deficiency: This rare condition causes excessive blood clotting, which is not a direct cause of protein loss but a potential factor in overall protein imbalance and health. (Cleveland Clinic)

Understanding the specific cause of protein loss is crucial for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.