Transfer RNA (tRNA) transports amino acids by pairing with a complementary sequence on the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule.
Here's a breakdown of the process:
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tRNA Specificity: Each tRNA molecule is specific to one particular amino acid.
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Codon Recognition: During protein synthesis, the tRNA carrying its specific amino acid recognizes and binds to a corresponding three-nucleotide sequence (codon) on the mRNA.
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Amino Acid Delivery: This pairing ensures that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain (protein). The tRNA then essentially "delivers" its amino acid to be added to the chain.
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Reference Information: According to the provided reference, "Each time an amino acid is added to the chain, a specific tRNA pairs with its complementary sequence on the mRNA molecule, ensuring that the appropriate amino acid is inserted into the protein being synthesized."
In essence, tRNA acts as an adapter molecule, ensuring the correct amino acid is placed in the correct sequence during protein synthesis by recognizing the mRNA code and delivering the appropriate amino acid.
