Psoriasis happens because of a malfunction in the immune system, specifically involving T-cells, that leads to an accelerated production of skin cells.
The Immune System and Psoriasis
Normally, the immune system protects the body from infections and diseases. However, in individuals with psoriasis, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells.
The Role of T-cells
T-cells, a type of white blood cell, are crucial in the immune response. In psoriasis, these T-cells become overactive and target skin cells. This attack triggers an inflammatory response and causes the body to produce new skin cells at a much faster rate than usual.
Accelerated Skin Cell Production
The increased production of skin cells leads to a buildup on the skin's surface. Healthy skin cells typically take about a month to mature and shed, but in psoriasis, this process can occur in just a few days. This rapid turnover results in the characteristic thick, red, and scaly patches associated with psoriasis.
Key Factors Contributing to Psoriasis:
- Immune System Dysfunction: The primary cause is an overactive immune system attacking healthy skin cells.
- Genetic Predisposition: Psoriasis tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic component. Specific genes linked to the immune system are associated with a higher risk of developing the condition.
- Environmental Triggers: Certain factors can trigger or worsen psoriasis flare-ups. These triggers vary from person to person but may include:
- Infections: Strep throat or skin infections.
- Injuries to the Skin: Cuts, scrapes, insect bites, or sunburn.
- Stress: High levels of stress.
- Certain Medications: Some drugs, such as lithium, beta-blockers, and antimalarial drugs.
- Cold Weather: Cold, dry conditions.
- Smoking: Tobacco use.
- Alcohol: Excessive alcohol consumption.
In Summary
Psoriasis is fundamentally an immune-mediated disease. The immune system, particularly T-cells, malfunctions and targets skin cells, leading to an accelerated production of skin cells and the formation of psoriatic plaques. Genetic factors and environmental triggers also play significant roles in the development and severity of the condition.
