Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play vital roles in various biological processes.
Key Biological Roles of PUFAs
PUFAs exert diverse biological effects, primarily due to their ability to:
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Alter Plasma Membrane Composition: PUFAs modify the structure and function of cell membranes, influencing membrane fluidity and the activity of membrane-bound proteins [5,6].
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Regulate Gene Transcription: PUFAs can directly or indirectly influence gene expression, affecting the production of proteins involved in various cellular processes [5,6].
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Modulate Cell Signaling: PUFAs can modulate cell signaling pathways, influencing processes like inflammation, cell growth, and apoptosis [5,6].
PUFAs as Precursors to Lipid Mediators
A critical aspect of the biological importance of PUFAs lies in their role as precursors to various lipid mediators, including:
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Eicosanoids: These are signaling molecules derived from PUFAs like arachidonic acid. They play crucial roles in inflammation, pain, and fever. Eicosanoids can be both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory.
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Docosanoids: These mediators, derived from PUFAs like docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are involved in resolving inflammation and maintaining homeostasis.
Here's a table summarizing the information:
| Role | Description | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Membrane Composition | Influences fluidity and protein activity | Affecting nutrient transport and receptor signaling |
| Gene Transcription | Regulates protein production | Influencing the expression of inflammatory cytokines |
| Cell Signaling | Modulates signaling pathways | Affecting inflammatory responses, cell growth, and cell death |
| Precursors to Mediators | Source of signaling molecules | Eicosanoids (inflammation), Docosanoids (resolving inflammation) |
