In qualitative research, bracketing is a crucial technique used by researchers to maintain objectivity and accuracy when interpreting participant data.
Bracketing, for qualitative researchers, is the setting aside of one's own beliefs and a priori assumptions in order to avoid misrepresenting a subject's intended meaning, perception, or experience. This process helps researchers become more aware of their personal biases, experiences, and knowledge, which could potentially influence their understanding of the phenomena being studied.
Why is Bracketing Important?
Qualitative research often aims to explore and understand complex human experiences, perspectives, and meanings. Researchers bring their own histories and worldviews to the research process. Without actively managing these influences, there's a risk that the researcher's own assumptions could distort or filter the participant's voice and data.
The primary goal of bracketing is to enhance the rigor and trustworthiness of qualitative findings by:
- Ensuring Authenticity: Allowing the participant's experience to emerge without being clouded by the researcher's preconceived notions.
- Reducing Bias: Minimizing the impact of personal beliefs, values, and theoretical leanings on data collection and analysis.
- Improving Understanding: Facilitating a deeper and more accurate understanding of the subject's perspective from their point of view.
How is Bracketing Practiced?
While the specific methods can vary depending on the qualitative methodology (e.g., phenomenology often employs bracketing rigorously), common practices include:
- Reflective Journaling: Researchers keep a journal to record their thoughts, feelings, assumptions, and reactions throughout the research process.
- Peer Debriefing: Discussing observations, interpretations, and potential biases with a colleague or supervisor.
- Self-Awareness: Continually reflecting on one's own background, experiences, and potential biases related to the research topic.
By consciously engaging in bracketing, qualitative researchers strive to approach their data with an open mind, allowing the richness and complexity of participants' lived experiences to be fully appreciated and represented.
