The two main types of radiotherapy are external radiotherapy and internal radiotherapy.
External Radiotherapy
External radiotherapy (also known as external beam radiotherapy) involves directing high-energy radiation beams from a machine outside the body towards the cancerous tumor. This method aims to precisely target the tumor while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues.
- How it works: A machine, such as a linear accelerator, delivers radiation beams. The patient lies still on a table while the machine rotates to deliver radiation from different angles.
- Common uses: It's used for a wide range of cancers, including breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, and head and neck cancers.
- Advantages: Non-invasive and can target tumors in various locations.
- Disadvantages: Can cause side effects due to radiation exposure to surrounding tissues. These side effects vary depending on the location being treated.
Internal Radiotherapy
Internal radiotherapy (also known as brachytherapy) involves placing a radioactive source directly inside the body, either within or near the tumor.
- How it works: Radioactive material can be in the form of seeds, ribbons, or capsules. These sources are placed inside the body using applicators or implants.
- Common uses: Often used for prostate cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, and eye cancer.
- Advantages: Delivers a high dose of radiation directly to the tumor while sparing more of the surrounding healthy tissue. Often requires fewer treatment sessions than external radiotherapy.
- Disadvantages: More invasive than external radiotherapy. There may be restrictions on close contact with others, especially pregnant women and young children, immediately following treatment, depending on the type of brachytherapy.
In summary, both external and internal radiotherapy are effective methods of cancer treatment, with each having its own advantages and disadvantages depending on the type and location of the cancer. The choice of which type of radiotherapy to use depends on various factors, including the type, size, and location of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health.
