Which Cell is Rechargeable?
A secondary cell, also known as a rechargeable battery, is a type of battery that can be recharged after use. This is achieved by passing an electric current through the circuit in the reverse direction of the current flow during discharge, restoring it to its original pre-discharge condition. In contrast, a primary cell cannot be easily recharged and is discarded after use.
Several sources confirm the definition of a rechargeable cell:
- Wikipedia defines a rechargeable battery as "a type of electrical battery which can be charged, discharged into a load, and recharged many times."
- Chemistry LibreTexts describes rechargeable batteries (secondary cells) as having "reversible cell reactions that allow them to recharge."
- Maine Legislature defines a "rechargeable battery" specifically as "any nickel-cadmium or sealed lead-acid battery that is designed for reuse and is capable of being recharged after repeated use."
Examples of rechargeable cells include:
- Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd) batteries: Older technology, known for the "memory effect" (reduced capacity with incomplete discharges).
- Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries: Improved over NiCd, with higher energy density and less memory effect.
- Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries: Currently the dominant rechargeable technology, offering high energy density and long lifespan. Examples include the common lithium-polymer batteries found in phones and laptops.
Practical Applications and Considerations
Rechargeable batteries are ubiquitous in modern life, powering:
- Portable electronics: Smartphones, laptops, tablets
- Electric vehicles: Cars, buses, bicycles
- Power tools: Drills, saws, etc.
- Medical devices: Pacemakers, insulin pumps
While many cells are designed to be rechargeable, some lithium-based cells, like CR2032 button cells, are not intended for recharging, though it may be technically possible under specific circumstances. Attempting to recharge a cell not designed for it can be dangerous and may lead to damage or fire.
