The descriptive method is called descriptive research.
Descriptive research is a research method that focuses on describing the characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied. Instead of focusing on why something happens, descriptive research aims to answer the what, where, when, and how questions.
Key Characteristics of Descriptive Research:
- Focuses on "What": The primary goal is to provide a detailed description of the subject.
- Observational: Data is often collected through observation, surveys, interviews, and case studies.
- Quantitative and Qualitative: Can involve both quantitative (numerical data) and qualitative (descriptive data) approaches.
- No Manipulation: Researchers do not manipulate variables; they simply observe and measure them.
- Wide Range of Applications: Used in various fields, including social sciences, market research, and healthcare.
Examples of Descriptive Research:
- Survey Research: Conducting a survey to determine the average age, income, and education level of residents in a specific city.
- Case Studies: In-depth analysis of a particular individual, group, or event.
- Observational Studies: Observing and recording the behavior of shoppers in a supermarket.
- Cross-Sectional Studies: Examining data from a population at a single point in time.
Advantages of Descriptive Research:
- Provides a comprehensive understanding of a topic.
- Can identify patterns and trends.
- Can generate hypotheses for further research.
- Relatively inexpensive and easy to conduct.
Limitations of Descriptive Research:
- Cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships.
- May be subject to researcher bias.
- Findings may not be generalizable to other populations or settings.
In summary, descriptive research is a valuable method for gaining insights into the characteristics of a population or phenomenon, providing a foundation for further investigation and analysis.
