A cough is a reflex action designed to clear your airways of irritants and phlegm. It's a natural protective mechanism, but persistent or severe coughing can indicate an underlying condition.
Common Causes of Coughs
Several factors can trigger a cough:
- Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTIs): These common infections, like the common cold and flu, are frequently the cause of acute coughs. Viruses infect the nose, throat, and voice box, leading to inflammation and irritation, prompting a cough reflex. [Source: healthdirect.gov.au]
- Irritants: Inhaled substances like dust, smoke, allergens (such as pollen), and chemical fumes can irritate the airways, triggering a cough. [Source: Provided text]
- Asthma: This chronic respiratory condition causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. [Source: NHS inform]
- Allergies: Allergens such as pollen, pet dander, or dust mites can cause an allergic reaction, leading to inflammation of the airways and a cough. [Source: American Lung Association]
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Stomach acid refluxing into the esophagus can irritate the airways and trigger a cough.
- Whooping Cough (Pertussis): This highly contagious bacterial infection causes severe coughing fits followed by a characteristic "whooping" sound during inhalation. [Source: CDC]
Types of Coughs
Coughs are often categorized by their duration and characteristics:
- Acute Cough: Lasts less than three weeks. [Source: Mayo Clinic] Often caused by viral infections.
- Chronic Cough: Lasts longer than eight weeks (four weeks in children). [Source: Mayo Clinic] May indicate a more serious underlying condition requiring medical attention. A chronic cough can stem from asthma, allergies, or post-nasal drip.
- Dry Cough: A tickly cough that doesn't produce mucus (phlegm). [Source: Provided text]
- Productive Cough: A cough that produces mucus (phlegm). The color and consistency of the phlegm can provide clues about the cause.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While many coughs resolve on their own, it's essential to consult a doctor if:
- Your cough lasts longer than three weeks (adults) or four weeks (children).
- You have a high fever.
- You are coughing up blood. [Source: nidirect.gov.uk]
- You experience shortness of breath or chest pain.
- You have a persistent cough along with other symptoms like wheezing or fever.
