A dry cough, characterized by a tickling sensation in the throat without mucus production, can stem from various causes. It's a common symptom of several conditions, ranging from minor infections to more serious illnesses.
Common Causes of Dry Cough
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Viral Infections: Dry coughs often follow a cold, the flu, or COVID-19. These infections irritate the airways, triggering the cough reflex. [Reference: A dry or unproductive cough doesn't produce mucus. A tickling sensation in the throat can make you have a dry cough. Dry coughs can come on after a cold or flu or if you have COVID-19.]
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Allergies and Asthma: Allergens like pollen or dust mites can inflame the airways, leading to a dry cough. Similarly, asthma can cause chronic dry coughing fits, often accompanied by wheezing or shortness of breath. [Reference: A dry cough may be a symptom of the common cold, flu, allergies, asthma, or acid reflux.]
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Stomach acid refluxing into the esophagus can irritate the throat and trigger a dry cough. This is often worse at night. [Reference: A dry cough may be a symptom of the common cold, flu, allergies, asthma, or acid reflux.]
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Postnasal Drip: Excess mucus dripping down the back of the throat can cause irritation and lead to a dry cough. [Reference: Chronic cough has been commonly considered to be caused by gastroesophageal reflux, postnasal drip or asthma.]
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Other Conditions: Less common but more serious causes include heart failure, lung cancer, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. A persistent or worsening dry cough warrants medical attention. [References: Other conditions like GERD, heart failure and lung cancer can cause chronic dry coughs; Infection is a common cause of a dry cough. Other possible causes include postnasal drip, asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and more.]
When to See a Doctor
While many dry coughs resolve on their own, a persistent dry cough (lasting more than several weeks), one accompanied by chest tightness [Reference: Most people have a feeling of chest tightness with a dry cough.], shortness of breath, or other concerning symptoms requires medical evaluation. A dry cough can be a sign of more serious underlying conditions. [Reference: A dry cough can have serious causes and can get worse. It is a protective reflex, in response to inflammation or irritants, and should not be ignored.]
