The classic triad of rubella, resulting from infection during embryogenesis, includes cataracts, congenital heart defects, and sensorineural deafness.
Rubella Triad Explained
Rubella infection during pregnancy, particularly in early stages, can lead to a range of congenital issues. However, the most commonly recognized and referred to grouping of defects is the triad, which includes:
Components of the Triad
| Component | Description |
|---|---|
| Cataracts | Clouding of the lens of the eye, which can impair vision. |
| Congenital Heart Defects | A variety of structural problems with the heart present at birth, such as patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) or pulmonary artery stenosis. |
| Sensorineural Deafness | Hearing loss due to damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve. |
Other Potential Congenital Rubella Defects
While the triad is the most well-known, many other health issues can arise due to congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Some of these defects include:
- Growth retardation
- Microcephaly (abnormally small head)
- Mental retardation
- Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver)
- Thrombocytopenia (low blood platelet count)
- Splenomegaly (enlarged spleen)
Importance of Vaccination
The best way to prevent congenital rubella syndrome and its associated triad is through vaccination. Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccines provide effective protection against rubella, especially when administered to women prior to pregnancy. This can protect pregnant women from contracting Rubella and prevent the development of Congenital Rubella Syndrome in their child.
