Runways are kept from freezing through the application of various de-icing and anti-icing methods.
Runway De-icing Methods
Airports utilize different strategies to prevent ice formation or remove existing ice from runways, ensuring safe aircraft operations. These strategies primarily involve the use of chemical de-icers. According to the provided reference, the most common runway de-icing products include:
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Urea: Urea is often used due to its relatively lower cost and environmental impact compared to some other chemicals.
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Ethylene/Propylene Glycol-based fluids: These fluids are effective at melting ice and preventing its reformation.
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Sodium Acetate: Sodium acetate is another commonly used de-icer, known for its effectiveness.
Application Methods
De-icing chemicals are typically applied using specialized vehicles equipped with spray nozzles to evenly distribute the fluid across the runway surface. The frequency of application depends on weather conditions, temperature, and the type of de-icing agent used.
Preventing Freezing
- Anti-icing measures: These are proactive measures taken before ice forms. Applying anti-icing chemicals creates a protective layer that prevents ice from bonding to the runway surface.
- De-icing measures: These are reactive measures taken after ice has already formed. De-icing chemicals melt the existing ice, restoring a safe surface for aircraft operations.
