No, Goku is not a human. He is a Saiyan.
Goku's Saiyan Heritage
The provided references consistently confirm Goku's extraterrestrial origins. He comes from a nearly extinct race of aliens called Saiyans. This is a crucial aspect of his character and explains his extraordinary abilities. His Saiyan heritage was a key plot point from the very beginning of the Dragon Ball series, although his Saiyan origins weren't immediately revealed.
- Early Life: Goku was sent to Earth as a baby to destroy the planet, a task he failed due to a head injury affecting his memory.
- Superhuman Abilities: Goku's immense strength, speed, and ability to harness Ki are all attributed to his Saiyan biology. These are not typical human capabilities.
- Saiyan Transformations: Goku's iconic transformations, like Super Saiyan, are unique to Saiyans and further highlight his non-human nature.
Several Quora threads and Reddit discussions address the hypothetical scenario of Goku being human. These discussions explore how strong a human Goku might be with his exceptional training regimen and fighting spirit. However, the fundamental fact remains: Goku's inherent abilities are not human. Even hypothetically giving him a human body, his power would still be far beyond that of any normal human because of his Saiyan physiology.
The provided reference mentioning Goku's death emphasizes his crucial role in defeating powerful adversaries, a feat directly linked to his Saiyan strength and abilities. The discussion of his strength with and without Ki further underlines the distinction between human capabilities and his Saiyan power.