Sarcoma starts when immature bone or soft tissue cells undergo DNA changes, transforming into cancer cells that grow uncontrollably.
This uncontrolled growth typically begins when a cell's DNA, the instruction manual for the cell, suffers alterations or mutations. These changes can disrupt the normal processes that regulate cell growth and division. Consequently, immature cells destined to become bone or soft tissue cells can develop into cancerous sarcoma cells. These cells then multiply rapidly, forming a mass or tumor. This tumor can then invade and damage surrounding healthy tissues.
Here's a breakdown of the process:
- DNA Changes: Sarcomas often begin with changes (mutations) in the DNA of immature bone or soft tissue cells.
- Uncontrolled Growth: These mutations cause cells to grow and divide without the normal controls in place.
- Tumor Formation: The uncontrolled growth leads to the formation of a mass or tumor.
- Invasion: The tumor can then invade nearby healthy tissues, causing damage and potentially spreading to other parts of the body.
While the exact causes of these DNA changes are not always known, some factors can increase the risk of developing sarcoma, including:
- Genetic Predisposition: Some inherited genetic conditions can increase the risk.
- Radiation Exposure: Prior radiation therapy can sometimes lead to sarcoma.
- Chemical Exposure: Exposure to certain chemicals has been linked to an increased risk.
- Lymphedema: Chronic swelling in an arm or leg may increase the risk of angiosarcoma.
Understanding how sarcoma starts is crucial for developing better prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies.
