Sciatica is primarily caused by compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve, and several conditions can lead to this.
Common Causes of Sciatica
Here's a breakdown of the common causes:
-
Slipped or Herniated Disc: This is the most frequent cause. The soft inner part of a spinal disc bulges out or ruptures, pressing on the sciatic nerve.
-
Spinal Stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal puts pressure on the spinal cord and the sciatic nerve roots.
-
Piriformis Syndrome: The piriformis muscle, located in the buttocks, can irritate or compress the sciatic nerve if it's tight or spasms.
-
Spondylolisthesis: This occurs when one vertebra slips forward over another, potentially pinching the sciatic nerve.
-
Pelvic Injury or Fracture: Trauma to the pelvis can directly injure the sciatic nerve or cause inflammation that irritates it.
-
Tumors: Though less common, tumors in the spine can compress the sciatic nerve.
Other Contributing Factors
While the above are the most direct causes, other factors can contribute to sciatica:
- Age: Age-related changes in the spine, like bone spurs, can contribute to nerve compression.
- Obesity: Excess weight can put added stress on the spine.
- Occupation: Jobs that involve twisting, heavy lifting, or prolonged sitting can increase the risk.
- Prolonged Sitting: Sitting for extended periods can contribute to sciatica, especially with poor posture.
- Diabetes: Diabetes can cause nerve damage, including to the sciatic nerve.
In summary, sciatica is most commonly caused by issues with the spine that directly compress or irritate the sciatic nerve. While other factors can contribute, addressing the underlying cause is crucial for effective treatment.
