Shia Muslims do not fast on Ashura because they mourn the martyrdom of Imam Hussein, the grandson of Prophet Muhammad, on this day. Instead of fasting, they commemorate his sacrifice through mourning rituals.
The Significance of Ashura for Shia Muslims
Ashura, the 10th day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar, holds immense significance for Shia Muslims. It marks the day Imam Hussein ibn Ali, along with his family and companions, were martyred in the Battle of Karbala in 680 AD. This event is a cornerstone of Shia identity and a symbol of resistance against injustice.
Mourning, Not Fasting
Rather than observing Ashura as a day of fasting, Shia Muslims engage in mourning practices. These include:
- Mourning Rituals: Attending majalis (gatherings) where the story of Karbala is recounted.
- Self-Flagellation (for some): Some Shia Muslims participate in self-flagellation as a symbolic expression of grief and solidarity with Imam Hussein. It is a contentious practice, not universally endorsed within Shia Islam.
- Reciting Poetry and Elegies: Reciting poems and elegies that depict the events of Karbala and the suffering of Imam Hussein and his followers.
- Wearing Black: As a sign of mourning.
Rejection of Sunni Traditions about Ashura
Shia tradition rejects Sunni hadiths that portray Ashura as a joyful occasion. According to Shia beliefs, celebrating or fasting on this day is inappropriate due to the immense tragedy it represents. As stated in some traditions attributed to the Shia imams, fasting on Ashura is forbidden, and celebrating it as a day of blessing can lead to eternal punishment.
Shia tradition also dismisses as fabricated those Sunni hadiths that mark Ashura as a joyful occasion. Indeed, traditions attributed to the Shia imams forbid fasting on this day, and promise eternal punishment for those who celebrate Ashura as a day of blessing.
Therefore, instead of fasting, Shia Muslims focus on remembering the sacrifices made in Karbala and reaffirming their commitment to the values of justice and resistance against oppression.
