The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that surrounds the shoulder joint. These muscles and tendons work together to hold the upper arm bone (humerus) securely in its socket and enable a wide range of motion in the shoulder. Problems arise when any part of this group becomes irritated or damaged, leading to pain, weakness, and restricted movement.
Understanding the Rotator Cuff
The rotator cuff isn't a single structure, but a complex system comprising four main muscles:
- Supraspinatus: Helps lift your arm away from your side.
- Infraspinatus: Rotates your arm outward.
- Teres Minor: Also helps rotate your arm outward.
- Subscapularis: Rotates your arm inward.
Each of these muscles is connected to the shoulder bone by a tendon. These tendons are vital for the stability and function of the shoulder.
Common Rotator Cuff Problems
Problems with the rotator cuff are common and increase with age. These problems can be sudden injuries or develop gradually over time:
- Rotator Cuff Tear: A tear in one or more of the rotator cuff tendons, which can range from a small partial tear to a complete rupture. This often causes significant pain and weakness. Activities like combing hair or getting dressed may become painful. Mayo Clinic and AAOS provide further information on this.
- Rotator Cuff Tendinitis: Inflammation of the tendons, often caused by overuse or repetitive movements. This leads to a dull ache, particularly at night or when lying on the affected side. MedlinePlus details this further.
- Rotator Cuff Impingement: The space between the rotator cuff tendons and the shoulder blade becomes narrowed, causing irritation and pain. Johns Hopkins Medicine explains this condition.
A rotator cuff injury may happen suddenly, for example, from a fall on an outstretched hand, or it may develop gradually from repetitive motions. Symptoms can include pain, weakness, and a reduced range of motion in the shoulder.
Treatment Options
Treatment for rotator cuff problems varies depending on the severity and the specific condition. Options may include:
- Rest and Ice: To reduce inflammation and pain.
- Physical Therapy: To strengthen the muscles and improve range of motion.
- Medication: Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Surgery: In cases of severe tears or other issues where conservative treatment fails. Penn Medicine offers insights into surgical options.
