There isn't one single "special test" for the sacrum itself. Instead, several tests assess the sacroiliac (SI) joints, which connect the sacrum to the pelvis. These tests help diagnose sacroiliac joint dysfunction, which can cause pain radiating to the lower back, buttocks, and legs. The presence of pain during these tests suggests potential SI joint involvement. However, it's crucial to remember that a single positive test isn't definitive; a combination of findings and clinical judgment is necessary for accurate diagnosis.
Here are some common special tests used to evaluate SI joint dysfunction, which indirectly assess the sacrum's function within the pelvis:
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Sacral Thrust Test: This test involves applying a quick, forceful pressure to one or both sides of the sacrum. Pain during the test indicates possible SI joint dysfunction. (Sacral Thrust Test - Physiopedia) The accuracy of a single positive test is low.
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Compression Test: This test involves applying pressure to the iliac crests to compress the SI joints. Pain suggests SI joint involvement. (Successful Diagnosis of Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction - PMC)
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Distraction Test: This test involves applying pressure to separate the iliac crests, thereby distracting the SI joints. Pain relief during distraction can suggest SI joint dysfunction. (Successful Diagnosis of Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction - PMC)
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Thigh Thrust Test: The examiner applies pressure to the affected side thigh, placing stress on the SI joint. Pain suggests positive findings. (Successful Diagnosis of Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction - PMC, Special Tests: Sacroiliac Joint (SIJ) - Brookbush Institute)
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Gaenslen's Test: This test involves flexing one hip while extending the other, stressing the SI joint. Pain during the test suggests potential SI joint involvement. (Successful Diagnosis of Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction - PMC, Special Tests: Sacroiliac Joint (SIJ) - Brookbush Institute)
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FABER (Patrick's) Test: This involves flexing, abducting, and externally rotating the hip. Pain indicates potential SI joint pathology. (Successful Diagnosis of Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction - PMC, SI Joint Provocative Tests for Diagnosing SI Joint Dysfunction ...)
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Stork (Gillet) Test: This assesses SI joint movement by observing the movement of the posterior superior iliac spine during a one-legged stance. (Stork Test - Physiopedia)
These tests are part of a comprehensive evaluation, and other factors like patient history and imaging studies help confirm the diagnosis.
