The basal layer, also known as the stratum basale, is the innermost layer of the epidermis, the outermost layer of skin. It's a single layer of cells that rests on the basement membrane zone, which separates the epidermis from the dermis. The basal layer is responsible for constantly producing new cells through cell division, pushing older cells upward to replace those that are shed from the surface of the skin. Most of the cells in the basal layer are keratinocytes, which produce keratin, a fibrous protein that gives skin its strength and structure.
The basal layer is important for several reasons:
- Cell renewal: The constant division of cells in the basal layer ensures that the epidermis is constantly being replenished, protecting the body from the environment.
- Skin pigmentation: The basal layer contains melanocytes, cells that produce melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color.
- Wound healing: The basal layer plays a crucial role in wound healing, as it helps to regenerate new skin cells to repair damaged tissue.
Basal cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer, originates in the basal layer.
