The stratum basale, also known as the basal layer, is the deepest layer of the epidermis, the outermost layer of your skin. It's like the "stem cell warehouse" of the epidermis, constantly producing new skin cells that push upwards to replace older ones.
Here are some key points about the stratum basale:
- Single layer of cells: The stratum basale is a single row of columnar or cuboidal cells.
- Basement membrane: These cells rest on the basement membrane zone, which separates the epidermis from the dermis (the layer beneath the epidermis).
- Keratinocytes: Most of the cells in the stratum basale are keratinocytes, the main type of skin cell.
- Cell division: Keratinocytes are constantly dividing and migrating upwards, pushing older cells towards the surface of the skin.
- Melanin production: The stratum basale also contains melanocytes, which produce melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color.
The stratum basale is vital for maintaining healthy skin. It provides a constant supply of new cells to replace those that are shed, and it helps protect the body from harmful UV radiation.