The cells that give skin its color are called melanocytes. These specialized cells produce melanin, a natural pigment that determines skin tone.
Here's how it works:
- Melanocytes are located in the lower layer of the epidermis, the outermost layer of skin.
- They produce melanin in response to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
- The amount of melanin produced varies depending on factors like genetics, ethnicity, and sun exposure.
- Melanin acts as a natural sunscreen, absorbing UV rays and protecting the skin from damage.
Examples:
- People with darker skin tones have more melanin, providing greater protection from the sun.
- People with lighter skin tones have less melanin, making them more susceptible to sunburn.
Disorders related to melanocytes:
- Melanoma, a type of skin cancer, develops when melanocytes grow out of control.
- Vitiligo, a condition where melanocytes stop producing melanin, causing patches of depigmentation.
