SCC of the skin, also known as cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), is the second most common type of skin cancer. It develops from the abnormal, accelerated growth of squamous cells, which are the cells that make up the epidermis (the outer layer of your skin). These cells constantly divide to replace those worn away from the skin's surface. When the DNA of these cells is altered, it can lead to uncontrolled growth resulting in SCC.
Causes and Risk Factors
The primary cause is damage to the skin's DNA, often from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or tanning beds. This damage disrupts the normal cell cycle, leading to the uncontrolled growth of squamous cells. Other risk factors include:
- A history of skin cancer
- Chronic wounds or inflammation of the skin
- Exposure to certain chemicals or radiation
- Weakened immune system
- Genetic predisposition
Symptoms
SCC can manifest in various ways, but some common signs include:
- A firm, red nodule (a small lump)
- A flat lesion with a scaly or crusted surface
- A sore that doesn't heal
- Bleeding or oozing from the affected area
These lesions often develop on sun-exposed areas like the face, ears, neck, lips, and hands. It is crucial to remember that early detection is key for successful treatment.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis typically involves a biopsy where a small sample of the suspicious tissue is removed and examined under a microscope. Treatment options vary depending on the size, location, and stage of the cancer, and may include:
- Surgical excision
- Mohs surgery (a specialized surgical technique for skin cancer)
- Radiation therapy
- Topical creams or ointments (for some early-stage cancers)
Early detection and appropriate treatment lead to high cure rates for most SCCs.
References: The information above is supported by the provided references, which include details on the symptoms, causes, treatment, and prevalence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin from various reputable sources such as Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, American Academy of Dermatology, and the Canadian Cancer Society. These resources provide comprehensive information on SCC and its management.
