The first-line treatment for hyperpigmentation involves topical formulations of conventional agents such as hydroquinone, kojic acid, and glycolic acid.
While other treatments like retinoids, azelaic acid, and topical tranexamic acid can also be effective, these are typically considered second-line treatments.
Here's a breakdown of common first-line treatments:
- Hydroquinone: A potent skin-lightening agent that inhibits the production of melanin.
- Kojic Acid: A natural skin-brightening agent derived from mushrooms, which inhibits tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in melanin production.
- Glycolic Acid: An alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that exfoliates the skin, helps to remove dead skin cells, and promotes cell turnover, revealing brighter skin.
These topical agents are often combined in a triple-combination cream for maximum effectiveness, particularly for melasma.
