Blackheads form when a hair follicle in the skin becomes clogged or plugged. Dead skin cells and excess oil collect in the follicle's opening, which produces a bump. If the skin over the bump opens, the air exposure causes the plug to look black, thus forming a blackhead.
Several factors can contribute to the development of blackheads, including:
- Increased sebum (oily material produced by the sebaceous gland) production: This can be influenced by hormones, especially during puberty and menstruation.
- Abnormal formation of keratin (the protein that makes up skin, hair, and nails): Excess keratin can contribute to clogging the hair follicles.
- Bacteria: While not the primary cause, bacteria can contribute to inflammation associated with blackheads.
- Hormonal changes: Fluctuations in hormones, particularly during puberty, pregnancy, and menstruation, can trigger increased sebum production.
- Certain medications: Some medications, such as steroids, testosterone, estrogen, and others, can contribute to acne and blackheads.
- Greasy or oily cosmetic and hair products: Using products that clog pores can increase the risk of blackheads.
- Diet: While not a direct cause, a diet high in processed foods and sugary drinks can contribute to acne.
