Pimples are caused by blocked hair follicles that become inflamed or infected with bacteria. When excess oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria build up inside the follicle, it can become clogged, creating a bump on the skin. This blockage can then become inflamed, leading to the formation of a pimple.
Here's a breakdown of the process:
- Excess oil production: Hormones, particularly during puberty and menstruation, can cause an increase in sebum production, which is a natural oil that lubricates the skin.
- Dead skin cell build-up: As new skin cells form, old ones shed and can accumulate in the hair follicle, contributing to the blockage.
- Bacteria: The bacteria that normally live on our skin can multiply within the blocked follicle, leading to inflammation and infection.
The inflammation and infection cause the characteristic redness, swelling, and white pus that we associate with pimples.
Factors that contribute to pimple formation:
- Hormonal changes: Hormonal fluctuations during puberty, menstruation, and pregnancy can increase sebum production.
- Genetics: Some people are genetically predisposed to acne.
- Certain medications: Some medications, such as steroids and testosterone, can trigger acne.
- Stress: Stress can trigger hormonal changes that contribute to acne.
- Diet: While there is no direct link between specific foods and acne, some people find that certain foods, such as dairy and processed foods, can worsen their acne.
- Cosmetics and hair products: Greasy or oily products can clog pores and contribute to acne.
Treatment options for pimples:
- Over-the-counter medications: Products containing benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or sulfur can help to unclog pores and kill bacteria.
- Prescription medications: For more severe acne, a dermatologist may prescribe topical or oral medications, such as retinoids, antibiotics, or birth control pills.
- Lifestyle changes: Washing your face twice a day, avoiding touching your face, and using non-comedogenic (non-pore-clogging) products can help to prevent pimples.
