Hives, also known as urticaria, are raised, red bumps (welts) or splotches on the skin. They represent a type of swelling that occurs on the surface of the skin, frequently as a result of an allergic reaction.
What Causes Hives?
Hives occur when your immune system reacts to an allergen. This reaction leads to the release of histamine and other chemicals, which cause the small blood vessels in your skin to leak fluid. This fluid accumulation is what manifests as the raised bumps and welts characteristic of hives.
Common Triggers for Hives:
- Foods: Certain foods, such as peanuts, tree nuts, eggs, milk, and shellfish, are common triggers for allergic reactions.
- Medications: Antibiotics, aspirin, and ibuprofen can cause hives in some individuals.
- Insect bites/stings: Bee stings, wasp stings, and other insect bites can lead to an allergic reaction resulting in hives.
- Physical triggers: Exposure to heat, cold, pressure, or sunlight may also result in hives in susceptible people.
- Latex: Allergic reaction to latex products such as gloves, balloons can cause hives.
- Infections: Viral or bacterial infections can cause hives in some cases.
- Pollen and Animal Dander: Common allergens that may trigger hives.
Characteristics of Hives
Hives are typically characterized by the following:
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Raised, red bumps or welts; can vary in size and shape. |
| Location | Can appear anywhere on the body. |
| Itchiness | Usually intensely itchy. |
| Duration | Individual hives can last for a few minutes to several hours, but new hives may appear as others fade. |
| Movement | Hives can move from one part of the body to another. |
| Color | Typically red but may appear pale in the center. |
| Size | Can range from small pinpricks to large patches. |
Management of Hives
The management of hives typically involves identifying and avoiding triggers, alongside the use of medications to reduce symptoms.
- Antihistamines: Over-the-counter antihistamines can help reduce itching and swelling.
- Corticosteroids: In severe cases, a healthcare professional may prescribe oral or topical corticosteroids.
- Avoidance of Triggers: Identifying and avoiding potential allergens or triggers is essential for long-term management of hives.
When to Seek Medical Attention
It's crucial to consult a healthcare professional if:
- Hives are accompanied by difficulty breathing, wheezing, or dizziness.
- Hives are accompanied by swelling of the face, lips, or tongue (angioedema).
- Hives persist for more than a few days or do not respond to over-the-counter treatments.
- You experience other symptoms along with the hives such as fever, abdominal pain, or joint pain.
In summary, hives are raised red bumps or welts on the skin that are caused by an allergic reaction, and it is important to seek medical attention if the symptoms are severe.
