There isn't one single "human skin gene." Human skin color and characteristics are determined by a complex interplay of many genes. A recent study identified at least 169 genes involved in human skin coloration. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skin_color
One example is the TYR gene. This gene encodes tyrosinase, an enzyme crucial for melanin production from tyrosine. Variations (alleles) in TYR, such as Ser192Tyr (rs1042602), are associated with lighter skin tones, particularly in European populations, and have been observed in studies of South Asian and African-American populations.
Other genes influence various aspects of skin structure, function, and susceptibility to diseases. Research constantly reveals more genes contributing to skin's overall complexity. The provided articles mention studies on gene expression in aged skin, skin impacted by actinic keratosis, and gene delivery methods for skin treatments. They also highlight the significance of the skin microbiome and virome, impacting skin health and gene expression.
- Melanin Production: The TYR gene is a key player, but many other genes influence melanin synthesis and distribution.
- Skin Structure: Genes regulate collagen production, affecting skin elasticity and aging.
- Disease Susceptibility: Genetic variations influence predisposition to skin conditions like lamellar ichthyosis. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8898758/
- Skin Microbiome Interaction: Genes affect the interaction between the skin and its resident bacteria and viruses. https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro.2017.157, https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.01578-15
The evolution of human skin pigmentation is a complex process involving genetic, environmental, and cultural factors. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33825328/ Studies explore how gene expression adapts to sun exposure. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5070784/
