Oil glands, also known as sebaceous glands, are specialized structures in the skin that produce and secrete an oily substance called sebum. Sebum helps to lubricate and protect the skin and hair.
Examples of Oil Glands
The following are examples of oil glands:
-
Sebaceous glands of the skin: These are located all over the body, except for the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
- They secrete sebum, which helps to keep the skin moisturized and acts as a protective barrier.
- Sebaceous glands are holocrine glands, meaning they release their product (sebum) along with remnants of dead cells.
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Meibomian glands of the eyelid: These specialized sebaceous glands are located within the eyelids.
- They secrete meibum, an oily substance that is a component of the tear film.
- Meibum helps to prevent evaporation of tears and maintain eye lubrication.
- Like sebaceous glands, meibomian glands are also holocrine glands.
Holocrine Gland Characteristics
Here is a summary of holocrine gland characteristics relevant to oil glands:
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Secretion Method | Cells accumulate the secretory product, then rupture, releasing the product along with cellular debris. |
| Cellular Integrity | Cells die during the process of secretion. |
| Examples | Sebaceous glands of the skin and meibomian glands of the eyelid are prime examples of holocrine glands. |
Other Points to Note:
- The activity of oil glands is influenced by hormones, particularly androgens. This explains why sebaceous gland activity increases during puberty.
- Overactive oil glands can lead to skin problems such as acne.
- The size and distribution of oil glands vary from person to person.
