The skin's main components are its three primary layers: the epidermis, the dermis, and the subcutaneous layer (also called the hypodermis).
The Epidermis: Your Skin's Outermost Shield
The epidermis is the outermost layer, a constantly regenerating, elastic layer. Its main cell type is the keratinocyte, formed through cell division at the base of the epidermis. Source: HSE, Structure and functions of the skin This layer provides a protective barrier against the environment.
The Dermis: A Supportive Structure
Below the epidermis lies the dermis, a supportive layer containing structures like blood vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, and sweat glands. These components contribute to temperature regulation, sensation, and other vital functions. Source: Cleveland Clinic, Skin: Layers, Structure and Function
The Subcutaneous Layer: Insulation and More
The deepest layer, the subcutaneous layer or hypodermis, is primarily composed of fat cells (adipose tissue). This layer acts as insulation, helping to conserve body heat, and also provides cushioning and energy storage. Source: MedlinePlus, Components of skin Several sources also mention that the skin is composed of only two layers, the epidermis and dermis, with the hypodermis being considered a separate underlying layer. Source: StatPearls, Physiology, Integument
Beyond the Layers: Other Important Components
While the three layers are the main structural components, it's crucial to consider other elements contributing to skin health and function:
- Sebaceous glands: These glands produce sebum, an oily substance that protects and lubricates the skin. Source: PMC, Sebaceous gland lipids
- Skin microbiome: A complex community of microorganisms residing on the skin plays a significant role in its health and immunity. Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology, The human skin microbiome
