Not all dark moles are bad, but some can be a sign of melanoma, a serious type of skin cancer. Many dark moles are harmless and simply variations in skin pigmentation. However, a mole that is significantly darker or different from your other moles warrants a check-up by a dermatologist.
Understanding Dark Moles
Dark moles, appearing brown, tan, or black, are usually benign. Their color is due to increased melanin production. However, a change in a mole's appearance – including a significant darkening – is a crucial warning sign. As stated by Cancer Research UK, "Melanomas can stand out from your other moles. So, if a mole looks very different or is much darker than others you have, you should get it checked."
Warning Signs: When to See a Doctor
Several factors indicate a need for professional evaluation:
- The "Ugly Duckling" Sign: A mole that looks different from your other moles. This could involve size, shape, color, or texture.
- Sudden darkening: A significant increase in a mole's darkness.
- ABCDEs of Melanoma: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter greater than 6mm, and Evolving (changing) appearance. These are important indicators of potential melanoma. (See resources such as the American Academy of Dermatology for detailed information.)
- Itching, bleeding, or pain: Any unusual symptoms associated with a mole.
These warning signs, highlighted in various sources like the Skin Cancer Foundation and the American Cancer Society, emphasize the importance of regular self-skin exams and professional checkups.
Differentiating Benign from Malignant Moles
While a dark mole itself isn't inherently dangerous, its characteristics in relation to other moles and its changes over time are critical. A dermatologist can perform a visual examination and, if necessary, a biopsy to determine if a mole is cancerous. Resources like the National Cancer Institute provide information on common moles and their association with melanoma risk.
