The three pigments that contribute to skin color are melanin, carotenoids, and hemoglobin.
- Melanin is a dark pigment that is produced by cells called melanocytes. It is responsible for the wide range of skin colors from very light to very dark.
- Carotenoids are yellow-orange pigments found in plants, and they can be absorbed by the body through foods like carrots and sweet potatoes. Carotenoids contribute to the yellow-orange tones in skin.
- Hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells, gives blood its red color. When hemoglobin carries oxygen, it can give skin a reddish hue.
These three pigments interact in complex ways to create the unique skin color of each individual. For example, people with more melanin in their skin will appear darker, while people with less melanin will appear lighter. The amount of carotenoids and hemoglobin in the blood can also influence skin tone.
