The two main types of pigmentation are hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation.
- Hyperpigmentation is when there is an excess of melanin in the skin, leading to areas of darker pigmentation. This can be caused by various factors, including sun exposure, inflammation, and hormonal changes. Examples include age spots, melasma, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
- Hypopigmentation is when there is a decrease in melanin production, resulting in lighter or absent pigmentation. This can be caused by conditions such as vitiligo, albinism, and certain medications.
It's important to note that these classifications refer to the amount of pigmentation rather than the type of melanin.
