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What Protein Do Keratinocytes Produce?

Published in Skin Proteins 3 mins read

Keratinocytes primarily produce keratin, a tough, fibrous structural protein that is the main component of the epidermis, the outermost layer of skin. This protein provides the skin with its strength, flexibility, and waterproof barrier.

Other Proteins Produced by Keratinocytes

While keratin is the most prominent protein, keratinocytes also synthesize a variety of other proteins crucial for skin function and health. These include, but are not limited to:

  • Structural Proteins: In addition to keratin, keratinocytes produce other fibrous proteins like tonofibrils, contributing to the structural integrity of the epidermis. These proteins help maintain the skin's overall structure and support cell adhesion.

  • Enzymes: Keratinocytes produce several enzymes, including cathepsin B and D, gelatinase B, and interstitial collagenase, which are involved in processes like tissue remodeling and degradation.

  • Other Proteins: A wide array of other proteins are produced by keratinocytes, including beta-2 microglobulin, betaIG-H3, calgranulin A, E-cadherin, gelsolin, laminin B2t, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, protein 14-3-3epsilon, SCC antigen, stratifin, and various interleukins (such as IL-18). These proteins participate in a multitude of functions, from cell signaling and immune responses to wound healing and maintaining skin homeostasis. These secreted proteins have roles beyond barrier formation.

Examples of Keratinocyte Protein Functions:

  • Keratin: Provides mechanical strength and protection.
  • E-cadherin: Crucial for cell adhesion and maintaining the integrity of the epidermis.
  • Interleukins (e.g., IL-18): Involved in immune responses and inflammation within the skin.

This diverse array of proteins highlights the multifaceted role of keratinocytes in maintaining skin health and protecting the body.

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