Multani Mitti, also known as Fuller's Earth, doesn't directly give fairness in the sense of permanently lightening skin tone. However, it contributes to a fairer complexion by improving skin clarity and reducing blemishes. It achieves this through its deep cleansing action, which removes dirt, oil, and impurities that can dull the skin's appearance. The resulting clearer skin can appear fairer.
How Multani Mitti Improves Skin Appearance:
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Deep Cleansing: Multani Mitti effectively removes excess oil, dirt, and grime, leading to clearer skin. This is mentioned in multiple sources, such as the Vogue article which highlights its ability to "soak up excess oil, dirt and sweat from the skin". The St. Botanica article also notes its ability to remove excess sebum.
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Mild Bleaching Effect: Some sources suggest a mild bleaching effect that helps reduce blemishes and dark spots, contributing to a more even skin tone. This is supported by a Quora answer mentioning Multani Mitti's role in improving skin tone and having a "mild bleaching effect" (https://www.quora.com/I-used-to-apply-multani-mitti-on-my-face-for-8-months-and-the-skin-became-dark-Did-it-come-to-its-natural-form).
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Radiant Skin: By removing impurities and leaving the skin soft and radiant, Multani Mitti indirectly contributes to a more even and brighter complexion. One source states it leaves the skin "feeling soft and radiant" ([reference from April 28th, 2024]).
Important Note: While Multani Mitti can improve skin appearance and lead to a brighter complexion, it does not change the inherent skin tone. Any perceived fairness is a result of improved clarity and reduction of blemishes, not a permanent change in pigmentation.