The calvarium refers to the bones of the skull that specifically cover and protect the brain. It's essentially the skullcap, forming the upper portion of the skull.
Bones Comprising the Calvarium
The calvarium is made up of several flat bones that join together to create a protective shell around the brain. These bones include:
- Frontal Bone: Located at the forehead.
- Parietal Bones: Forming the sides and roof of the cranium.
- Temporal Bones: Situated on the sides of the skull, near the ears.
- Ethmoid Bone: Located at the roof of the nose, contributing to the nasal cavity and eye sockets.
- Sphenoid Bone: A complex bone at the base of the skull that also contributes to the eye sockets.
- Occipital Bone: Forming the back and base of the skull.
Calvarium Function
The primary function of the calvarium is to:
- Protect the brain: The rigid bony structure shields the soft brain tissue from external forces and injuries.
- Provide Attachment: The inner surface of the calvarium serves as an attachment site for the meninges which are membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord.
- Form Skull Shape: The combined bones of the calvarium help create the overall shape and form of the skull.
Table of Calvarium Bones
| Bone | Location | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Frontal | Forehead | Forms the forehead and the upper part of the eye sockets. |
| Parietal | Sides and roof of the cranium | Forms the sides and roof of the skull; protects the upper portions of the brain. |
| Temporal | Sides of the skull, near the ears | Houses structures related to hearing; protects the sides of the brain. |
| Ethmoid | Roof of the nose, between the eye sockets | Contributes to the nasal cavity and eye sockets. |
| Sphenoid | Base of the skull, behind the eye sockets | Forms part of the base of the skull and eye sockets; helps protect brain structures |
| Occipital | Back and base of the skull | Forms the back and base of the skull; protects the rear portion of the brain. |
In summary, the calvarium, made of the frontal, parietal, temporal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and occipital bones, is crucial for the structural integrity and protection of the brain.
